The Fourth Ordeal: A History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, 1968–2018

A history of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from the late 1960s to 2018, The Fourth Ordeal is based on over one-hundred and forty first-person interviews with Brotherhood leaders, rank-and-file members and dissidents, and a wide reading of memoires written by its key decision-makers. Tracing the group's re-emergence as an important political player on the Egyptian political scene during the early seventies, Victor J. Willi explores the Brotherhood's one-year experiment with power, the military coup of July 2013, and further, when the Brotherhood leadership were imprisoned and exiled during the period following its 'fourth ordeal'. Unique in that it contains Willi's first-hand accounts of some of the events described therein, this is a study with unprecedented access to Brotherhood members across all organizational levels.